Exploring The Concept Of Cubism Art Essay

Investigating The Concept Of Cubism Art Essay Cubism was one of the most powerful workmanship developments of the twentieth century. It occurred among 1907 and around 1914. The trailblazers of the Cubist development were Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881 1973) and Georges Braque (French, 1882 1963). Cubism was one of the most critical changes in thoughts throughout the entire existence of craftsmanship. It took into account the improvement of a considerable lot of the theoretical present day craftsmanship developments in regions, for example, Futurism and Constructivism. The one of the principle attributes of Cubism would be the introducing of a three dimensional item as a theoretical structure on a two dimensional surface. So as to accomplish this, objects are defragmented, examined, and recreated in a theoretical structure. The shapes are smoothed onto the two dimensional surface of the canvas with the goal that various edges of the item can be seen simultaneously. Another particular element of Cubist artistic creations would be the separating and interlocking of foundation and item in geometric course of action, making a shallow feeling of room. Both Picasso and Braque, who were living in Paris at that point, started the Cubist development. They met in late 1907 and started building up the possibility of Cubism in their works by utilizing complex examples of defragmented objects, constant layouts, and a monochromatic shading plan. The term Cubism can be sourced back to a discussion between French workmanship pundit Louis Vauxcelles and Henri Matisse in 1908. Matisse portrayed Braque s artistic creations, which he had submitted to the Salon d Automne, to have little blocks . In any case, it was Vauxcelles who authored the term Cubism in an audit about the Salon des Independants only a couple of months after the fact. Cubism can be separated into two stages: Analytical Cubism and Synthetical Cubism. In the early stage, beginning in 1907, objects were separated, broke down, and set up in a disconnected structure. The utilization of the procedure of speaking to different sides of an item at one time characterized the work as Analytical Cubism. In 1912, the subsequent stage happened, when Picasso and Braque started making papiers colles. The procedure included sticking different kinds of paper in their work, which described Synthetic Cubism. The noticeable impacts on the improvement of Cubism were Cezannes later work and African figures. In Cezannes later work, Picasso and Braque appreciated his idea of rearranging objects by considering them to be fundamental shapes, for example, chambers, circles, and cones. By investigating these ideas further, speaking to objects different perspectives simultaneously, they reformed how items could be envisioned in workmanship. In the start of the twentieth century, Europe was finding craftsmanship from extraordinary mainlands, for example, Africa and Asia. Craftsmen, for example, Picasso, were propelled by the crude and oversimplified styles of the outside societies. Picasso had first observed African workmanship when he visited the ethnographic historical center in Paris in 1907. We can see its impact unmistakably in Les Demoiselles dAvignon (1907), the forerunner to Cubism. In his work of art, he deconstructed and revamped the essences of two of ladies in his composition to seem like African covers. In doing this he made an immediate connection between the development and its motivation. The Cubist specialists created on the thoughts of fauvism, the craftsmanship development that had gone before it. The Fauvists needed to disentangle craftsmanship by returning to fundamentals. They did this by utilizing mutilated pictures, splendid segments of shading and level examples. Their name Les Fauves implies wild brutes in French, alluding to their fierce way to deal with their creations. Cubists made this thought a stride further by utilizing straight lines and geometric examples. Diagnostic Cubism is one of the two primary pieces of Cubism. It was created somewhere in the range of 1908 and 1912 by Picasso and Braque. During this time they considered characteristic structures and deconstructed the structures into fundamental geometric parts on the two-dimensional plane of the canvas. Their lone utilization of shading was a monochromatic plan of grays and ochre. A large number of their structures by unbiased hues that had no relations to the shade of the article they were delineating. Rather than centering of shading, they focused on speaking to the regular world with shapes, for example, chambers, circles and cones. They utilized changing shades to make light and dull segments of their attempts to give their works a three dimensional quality. Instances of the early expository stage would be Braques Houses at LEstaque (1908) and Picasso s Girl with a Mandolin. Manufactured Cubism was the second piece of Cubism. It was created by Picasso, Braque, and other cubist craftsmen somewhere in the range of 1912 and 1919. There was a recognizable change in progress of the Cubist specialists in the second period of the development. Engineered cubism is portrayed by the presentation of collection and papier coll , which permitted them to investigate the new impacts of profundity. The method of sticking hued or printed paper sections, generally news cut-outs or sheet music, in the artworks of the Cubists denoted the principal utilization of composition in compelling artwork, and the reason for all resulting collection strategies in the years that followed. The utilization of collection refined utilizing discovered items , objects specialists went over by some coincidence, and making them part of their arrangements. The thought behind it was that workmanship could be found in the tumult of ordinary present day life. Instances of the engineered stage wou ld be Picasso s Still Life with Chair Caning (1912), and his piece entitled Pipe, Glass, Bottle of Vieux Marc (1914). Be that as it may, it is imperative to take note of that separating of the Cubist development into investigative and engineered stages were not utilized by the specialists at that point. The terms were instituted by pundits of the period. By classifying the Cubist works, it forces inflexible differentiations in the technique for the Cubists. Notwithstanding, their strategies utilized in each stage can be seen all through Cubist workmanship. Braque was at first engaged with the Fauvist craftsmanship development, however he moved away from this style in 1908 when he rediscovered Paul Cezanne and met Picasso. Braque reacted to Picassos Les Demoiselles DAvignon by painting his Grand Nude in the cubist style of geometrisation of structure and new spatial connections . In 1909 Braque and Picasso began cooperating, utilizing their different impacts to build up a totally different method of delineating structure and space. In spite of the fact that Braque began painting scenes with Picasso, they before long found the upsides of painting still-life s rather, for example, them having the option to consider different to be of an item instead of a scene. They turned out to be dear companions and worked intently together up until the First World War in 1914. The episode of war separated their imaginative cooperation as Braque was enrolled in the French Army and needed to leave Paris. In the period between World War I and World War I I, Braque adjusted a progressively loose and open way to deal with Cubism. He was bolder in his utilization of shading and was less computing in his delineation of articles. Nonetheless, he was still intensely committed to utilizing the cubist strategies of discontinuity and concurrent viewpoint. Prior to starting the Cubist time of his craft, Picasso got intrigued by African craftsmanship, which was right now being brought into Paris exhibition halls because of the extending of the French domain. These extraordinary ancient rarities roused his work during his African-affected period (1908-1909) and into his Analytic Cubism (1909-1912). During this time, Picasso was likewise motivated by crafted by Cezanne. Towards the finish of the nineteenth century, Cezanne built up painting a canvas for what it was a two dimensional level surface. From the Renaissance up until this point, specialists had been attempting to make the fantasy of three measurements inside a work of art, as though it were a window. Another strategy of his, that incredibly enlivened Picasso, was to introduce various edges of an article at the same time in an artistic creation. His thought behind it was that the eye seeing the item doesn't remain fixed on one edge of the article, yet rather moves around and gets different points of view. At the point when Picasso and Braque were presented in late 1907, they shaped a nearby bond because of their common advantages in Cezanne and the Cubist strategies Picasso was trying different things with in his canvas Les Demoiselles dAvignon . In the work of art, Picasso portrayed the essences of the five ladies to take after Iberian covers. The assortments of the ladies are rakish and not in extent. The evolving points of view, unnatural extents and level, cover like faces in the artistic creation stunned and befuddled it s watchers from the outset. Be that as it may, these themes were investigated and created by Picasso and Braque all through the Cubist development and another style was conceived. Now and again during this period, crafted by Picasso and Braque was like such an extent that they themselves couldn't reveal to them separated. Picasso, in his assessment of crude model and covers, come to the end result that the faces comprised of an amount of clear shapes put next to each other. He calculated that the highlights of the face that split the face ought to be viewed as unmistakable areas. As Picasso advanced through the Cubism development, he started to paint only each article in turn, painting it from a few alternate points of view simultaneously. Picasso was fruitful in keeping a harmony among naturalism and reflection in his work. Prior to his cubist stage, he painted dominatingly common organizations, yet as he investigated his Cubist thoughts, his work turned out to be increasingly conceptual. The items he delineated during the period were of twisted extents and broken into parts, but since he utilized straightforward articles, they were commonly unmistakable. Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler was an exhibition proprietor and craftsmanship pundit during the Cubist development and was generally liable for the telecom of Cubism as a style of workmanship. At the point when Picasso and Braque were delivering their Cubist works in Paris, there were nevertheless a couple of chances for their attempts to be appeared, typically the spring and pre-winter salon displays. In any case, in 1910, Ka

Simple Proofreading Process with a Big Name Ratiocination - The Writers For Hire

Basic PROOFREADING PROCESS WITH A BIG NAME: RATIOCINATION On account of Alise Isbell for contributing this magnificent post on an extremely fascinating editing strategy. Youre bound to get more mistakes on the off chance that you do this! Ratiocination is a supernatural occurrence that changed the manner in which I compose and alter. While not an expert essayist, my organization trains individuals how to compose all the more successfully, and ratiocination makes a difference. Webster’s Dictionary characterizes ratiocination as â€Å"the procedure of careful thinking† or â€Å"a contemplated train of thought.† Language is a vehicle, similar to a vehicle. It has parts like postfixes, prefixes, words, phrases, sentences, sections etc†¦ People can revise the parts to work in an unexpected way. For instance, we hinder the peruser with longer words or increasingly confounded action word tenses. We can likewise accelerate the peruser by doing the inverse. The way to viable composing is tinkering with the correct pieces of language to get the ideal outcomes. For what reason does ratiocination get results? While editing, the procedure secludes sentence structure ideas and permits the essayist to survey the parts rather than the entire piece. Scholars utilize essential language ideas with this procedure to improve the adequacy and effect of their message. How it functions: The basic version†¦ 1. Select any bit of composing. 2. Pick a lot of sentence structure ideas and an image or shading for every idea to feature these in the composition. Preferably, the language ideas ought to be normal blunders. (Models include: their, there and they’re or it’s and its). 3. Code the composition for every sentence structure idea. For instance, mark all the â€Å"that† words with red. The word â€Å"that† is utilized as a pronoun, however frequently abused as a combination (which stretches sentences pointlessly.) Investigation: 1. An excessive number of relational words 2. Pointless â€Å"that† 3. Sentence excessively long 4. Inactive voice 5. An excessive number of huge words Amendment: On account of the client’s proposition directions, we will begin recording when designers inspect issues. This documentation will assist us with building up if new representatives need additionally preparing. Change the syntax ideas to fit the reason, shortcomings or negative behavior patterns you need to fix. Your composing will resemble a paint-by-numbers, yet the analyzation prompts clear, brief and smoothed out exposition. When you have featured every one of the syntax ideas, it separates them from the composition, making language simpler to assess. Alise Isbell, Owner Compose Wise Communications, LLC We drive accomplishment with compelling correspondence! 488 W. nineteenth St., #359 Houston, TX 77008 www.writewisecommunications.com (713) 863-9140 direct/fax (713) 557-6112 cell Tail me on Twitter: amisbell

How to Find a Job at Job Fairs

How to Find a Job at Job Fairs There are many routes to finding a job and today we’ll share the secrets of finding your next career move on a job fair. © Shutterstock | garagestockWe’ll explain what job fairs are all about, the pros and cons of using them, and the preparation you need to do before visiting one. We’ll also introduce you to the best practices at the fair and the things you must do after the event is over.WHAT ARE JOB FAIRS?A job fair is an event for companies to advertise their organization and for professionals to find suitable positions and career paths. As well as being a platform for companies, it can also attract recruitment companies operating in the industry.It’s therefore an event combining different employers, recruiters and educational institutions in order for them to provide information to potential employees, candidates and students.A job fair can also be referred to as a career fair or a career expo.Job fairs can be industry specific, such as TechExpo, which is a Technology, Cyber, Engineering and Intelligence focused job fair. They can also target a specific section of the working population. One example of these includes different career fairs held at university campuses, targeting recent graduates. But there are also gender-specific job fairs, such as the events organized by Women for Hire.Finally, job fairs can target different industries and different types of employees. National Career Fairs, for example, is a major organizer of US-wide career fairs. Another example is the Global Career Fair, which brings employers, recruiters and employees together on a global scale.THE PROS AND CONS OF JOB FAIRSA job fair can be a useful tool for conducting job search. Nonetheless, it comes with its specific set of pros and cons.The advantages of attending job fairsAttending a job fair will provide you plenty of networking opportunities. While you might be more focused on finding a job immediately, networking is an important part of your career development plan. By creating these connections with companies, you can build relationships that might end up providing you with a better job in the future.At the event, you will be able to learn more about different companies and the pros and cons of working for them. This can help you make a more informed decision regarding the companies you want to apply for and the organizations that aren’t a good fit.The information you gain will also help you create better job applications, since you know more about what the companies are looking for. This ensures your job applications aren’t generic, but target the specific company and role.Finally, job fairs often offer free workshops and tutorials, which can help boost your resume and cover letter writing skills. You can also gain experience in answering interview questions correctly, sometimes in mock interview situations.The disadvantages of attending job fairsThere are certain drawbacks to job fairs as well. Perhaps the biggest is the fact the events can take quite a bit of time to attend. You also need to prepare well for these events in order to enjoy the above benefits . All of this can be time consuming.Not only will it swallow a large chunk of your time to travel and attend these multi-day events, the travel can also cost money. Whilst the events themselves are often free to attend, you will need to pay for travel, drinks and food, and stay, if the fair’s not close enough to your home.Finally, you’ll not only meet a number of employers in these events, you’re also going head to head with plenty of other job seekers. This means you must be able to stand out from the crowd or the employers won’t remember you.PREPARING FOR A CAREER FAIRDue to the time and money commitment you need to make, it’s definitely important to do your research before committing to a job fair. You need to be aware of your options, in terms of whether the fair is worth attending or not. You might have limited time available, especially if you can’t stay for the whole day(s), and therefore, you need to be aware of the employers and recruiters you want to meet.Resea rch the event beforehandStart by researching the job fair. You should determine the event’s attractiveness by answering the following questions:Is the event free to attend? Consider whether the cost of attending is too high, in case it’s not a free event.Is the career fair open for all? As we’ve mentioned above, some career fairs might not be accessible by the public. For example, university job fairs might require you to attend the institution.Is the fair industry specific? You should only attend job fairs, which include the industry you are hoping to get a career in.Which companies are attending the event? Identify the major employers and recruiters present and consider how they suit your career progression plans.Are there any extra events/workshops/seminars available for attending? If so, how do you sign up for them? Check out the whole program for the job fair and consider if it has a number of extras, you find useful.By answering the above questions, you’ll be able to d ecide whether the particular event is worth attending. You’ll also get an idea on what to expect, to ensure you can maximize your job search.[slideshare id=26232954doc=sevenwaystorockacareerfair-130916085019-phpapp02w=640h=330]Create a list of the employers you want to meetDuring research, you should have identified the employers attending the event. You now want to create a list of the top three employers you want to meet. In essence, you’ll be creating a priority list of employers.You might be wondering why just three employers? The job fair can be quite intimidating and finding your way around will take time. While you won’t be spending your whole time talking to these three employers, you want to ensure you make the most effort with the employers you want to hire you.The three employers isn’t a number set in stone. After talking to all three, don’t just leave. But by talking to the three, you’ve targeted your ideal employers and roles and you’ll be able leave later with task accomplished. Naturally, once you are done talking with your ideal employers, you can move on in the priority list.When researching the companies, you should also come up with questions to ask from the employer. These highlight your understanding of the industry and the company, your passion towards working there and your initiative to learn more.Example questions to ask include:What kind of employees are you looking for?What skills do you value the most?What do you like about working for this company?What is the current job market like and what are the trends you are experiencing in terms of hiring?You’ll also want to highlight that you’ve done your research and ask questions based on what you found. For instance, about a recent product launch the company did or a specific approach they use in sales.Prepare your resumeSort out your resume and ensure it’s up to date and completely error free. If you are targeting specific roles and companies, you definitely want to ensure you tailor your resume for these roles.Target your resume with the keywords â€" meaning skills and qualifications â€" preferred by the employer. For example, the job description for the role you want might emphasize experience, negotiating skills, organizational skills and determination. It’s helpful to ensure you highlight these skills in your resume through experience and achievements.Since you will be talking to a number of different employers, you might want to have a few different resumes prepared. For example, if you are focusing on sales roles with some employers, with the emphasis on sales, and more marketing-focused sales roles with other employers, you should create two separate resumes highlighting the required skills.Whether you print out a few different resumes or a single resume, the key is to have plenty of them ready. So, don’t be shy with printing them out, as you want to hand them out to as many people as possible. In some instances, it might be helpful to have a simple USB stick with your resume on it with you. This ensures you can upload your resume digitally into the employer’s database.[slideshare id=46173277doc=awesomeresumetemplates-150323094821-conversion-gate01w=640h=330]Prepare a 30 second introductionYou also need to prepare your own elevator pitch for the job fair. The speech is to introduce yourself to the representative, let them know what you are looking for and why the company would be a good match, and to provide an outlook of your skills. In essence, you give the speech to sell yourself.Don’t learn a scripted speech that turns you into a robot as soon as you start giving it. But have an inkling of what you want to say, as it creates a more professional impression of you. You won’t have much time to talk to the recruiters and representatives. Therefore, you want to quickly get your skills, passion and knowledge across.For example, your elevator pitch could be along the lines of, “Hi, I’m Kara Smith, a grad uate in Business and Marketing Studies from UCLA. I’m looking for jobs in digital marketing and have been impressed by (company name)’s marketing department, especially the campaign with (company name). I’ve worked with (previous or current employer) on similar projects and gained skills I think would relate well for these roles. I’d be interested finding out a bit more about the opportunities available for me.” Furthermore, it’s important you don’t just prepare to give the talk and then listen to the representatives. The recruiters and representatives are likely to ask questions about you and you should prepare for those. It’s easy to be thrown back by simple questions, if you haven’t prepared for them.Example questions representatives often ask include:What interests you?What are you good at?Why should we hire you?What’s your current employment status? Why’d you want to leave?Dress for the occasionFinally, you should sort out your wardrobe before the event. E ach fair can have a different approach to dress code. You should check the website if there are any specific requirements to ensure you aren’t turned away from the door.Overall, a business casual tends to be required and if the website has no mention of dress code, dress with business casual in mind. This means you don’t need to show up in a full suit, but still leave the shorts and t-shirts at home.You can find great styling tips and learn more about different style choices from the below video: HOW TO MAKE A GOOD IMPRESSION DURING THE FAIR?The above preparation will ensure you attend the fair with confidence and knowledge. You’ll know where you are going, who you are talking to and how to ensure you get your message across.But what are the other things you need to remember to focus on at the job fairs?Keep an open mindWhile you should have the list of the companies you are targeting, don’t walk around with shutters over your eyes. Keep an open mind and look for opportuniti es and interesting employers to talk to, especially after you’re done with your ‘top-3’.Don’t dismiss any organization before you’ve talked with them, unless they clearly have nothing interesting to offer to you. You shouldn’t also just talk with employers you’ve heard about. Newer and smaller organizations might have just as good roles on offer as the big corporations.Don’t rushYou need to make a lasting impression and succeeding with it is harder if you are rushing through your ‘talk’. You do want to meet a number of different representatives, but you need to spend enough time with them to guarantee they remember you.But how to decide whether to cut the discussion a bit shorter or whether to keep talking? If the employer has opportunities currently available and they match your career ambitions, it’s definitely worth talking. If you match the qualifications well, then you should spend a bit more time crafting a relationship. Furthermore, you want to talk to e mployers that match your career goals and your values. Even if there are not many opportunities available right now, creating a relationship with the right organization can help in the future.On the other hand, if the employer’s roles don’t match your current skillset closely, they don’t seem too interested in what you offer (they don’t ask questions, for instance), and the business culture seems alien to you, don’t waste time talking with them for too long.When talking with the representatives stay attentive, ask questions and answer questions with short, but informative answers. Highlight your passion towards the role and sound enthusiastic when talking about it. Build rapport with the representative by also asking something about them. For example:How did you start working for the company?What do you like the most working for them?You should also remember to respect the representative’s time and not waste the spell you have with them to pointless questions and chitcha t too much. Even though you want to be inquisitive, don’t ask questions which you should have found out about online. Questions such as “What does your company do?” are unprofessional and annoying.Stay confident and professionalOverall, trust the research you’ve done, stay calm and maintain composure. Take unexpected questions and events as they come. Don’t rush, but take a deep breath and configure an answer. If you’ve prepared well, you can’t be stopped!The key is to know your skills and qualification inside out and have different ways to bring these up. In conversations, you can drop mentions of your past accomplishments and be proud of what you’ve achievedFor example, if the representative talks about communication skills, you can mention how you’ve worked in a customer service department and had to develop better phone communication due to the nature of the job. If you are talking about research, you can mention volunteering for the technology department at yo ur university to label their research files.As a final tip for coming across more confident and professional, we’d like to mention how going alone is more worth it than walking around in a group. You’ll come across as independent and professional.Make notesHave a notebook or a smartphone’s notebook app at hand and don’t be afraid to make notes. A good idea is to make a short note of the employer after you’ve spoken to them. You can mention things like:Did you like them? What didn’t you like about them?What do you feel you could bring to the company?Where to find out more? Did you get a business card?These will be useful later, if you are applying for positions online after the event. You might even have information available, which you can use in an interview later on.AFTER THE EVENTFinally, it’s important to understand you can enhance your chances of landing a job on job fairs by doing a few short things at the end of the event.Depending on the recruiters and companie s, you might not actually be able to apply for any job openings at the job fair. Sometimes, you’ll need to go through the application process later on. But don’t think this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t spend time with this organization at the fair. Handing out your resume is still a good way to create a positive impression. If you can, reference the earlier meeting at the fair when applying for the job.Furthermore, you should drop a line or give a call to the recruiters and representatives you met at the event. This can just be a friendly thank you note about the chat and a mention that you’ve applied for the position. For example, you could say, “Hi, I wanted to say thanks for the chat at last week’s careers fair. The resources and tips you provided me with were helpful. I’ve just finished applying for the role of Market Analyst on the website. I hope you have a productive week! Best, Katie”In addition, don’t just stay in touch with the recruiters and company repr esentatives. If you made connections with other job seekers at the event, you should follow-up with them as well. This is a powerful way to grow your network, and a single connection might turn into a lucrative career one day.

Timeline of Hernan Cortes Conquest of the Aztecs

1492: Christopher Columbus Discovers the New World for Europe. 1502: Christopher Columbus, on his Fourth New World Voyage, meets with some advanced traders: they were likely Mayan vassals of the Aztecs. 1517: Francisco Hernà ¡ndez de Cà ³rdoba expedition: three ships explore the Yucatan. Many Spanish are killed in skirmishes with the natives, including Hernandez. 1518 Jan. - Oct.: The Juan de Grijalva Expedition explores the Yucatan and southern part of Mexicos Gulf Coast. Some of those who took part, including Bernal Diaz del Castillo and Pedro de Alvarado, would later Join Cortes expedition. November 18: Hernan Cortes Expedition sets out from Cuba. 1519 March 24: Cortes and his men fight the Maya of Potonchan. After winning the battle, the Lord of Potonchan would give Cortes gifts, including a slave girl Malinali, who would go on to be better known as Malinche, Cortes invaluable interpreter and mistress. April 21: Cortes Expedition reaches San Juan de Ulua. June 3: Spanish visit Cempoala and found settlement of Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz. July 26: Cortes sends a ship with treasure and letters to Spain. August 23: Cortes treasure ship stops in Cuba and rumors start to spread of the wealth discovered in Mexico. September 2-20: Spanish enter Tlaxcalan territory and battle the fierce Tlaxcalans and their allies. September 23: Cortes and his men, victorious, enter Tlaxcala and make important alliances with the leaders. October 14: Spanish enter Cholula. October 25? (exact date unknown) Cholula Massacre: Spanish and Tlaxcalans fall on unarmed Cholulans in one of the city squares when Cortes learns of an ambush awaiting them outside the city. November 1: Cortes expedition leaves Cholula. November 8: Cortes and his men enter Tenochtitlan. November 14: Montezuma arrested and placed under guard by the Spanish. 1520 March 5: Governor Velazquez of Cuba sends Panfilo de Narvaez to rein in Cortes and regain control of the expedition. May: Cortes leaves Tenochtitlan to deal with Narvaez. May 20: Pedro de Alvarado orders the massacre of thousands of Aztec nobles at the Festival of Toxcatl. May 28-29: Cortes defeats Narvaez at the Battle of Cempoala and adds his men and supplies to his own. June 24: Cortes returns to find Tenochtitlan in a state of uproar. June 29: Montezuma is injured while pleading with his people for calm: he will die shortly from his wounds. June 30: the Night of Sorrows. Cortes and his men try to creep out of the city under cover of darkness but are discovered and attacked. Most of the treasure collected thus far is lost. July 7: Conquistadors score a narrow victory at the Battle of Otumba. July 11: Conquistadors reach Tlaxcala where they can rest and regroup. September 15: Cuitlahuac officially becomes the Tenth Tlatoani of the Mexica. October: Smallpox sweeps the land, claiming thousands of lives in Mexico, including Cuitlahuac. December 28: Cortes, his plans in place for the reconquest of Tenochtitlan, leaves Tlaxcala. 1521 February: Cuauhtemoc becomes eleventh Tlatoani of the Mexica. April 28: Brigantines launched in Lake Texcoco. May 22: Siege of Tenochtitlan formally begins: Causeways blockaded as the brigantines attack from the water. August 13: Cuauhtemoc is captured while fleeing Tenochtitlan. This effectively ends the resistance of the Aztec Empire. Sources Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. Trans., ed. J.M. Cohen. 1576. London, Penguin Books, 1963. Print.Levy, Buddy. New York: Bantam, 2008.Thomas, Hugh. New York: Touchstone, 1993.

Canterbury Tales Character Analysis - 1457 Words

The Canterbury Tales introduces a group of very interesting characters from different walks of life. These characters can fall into different groups, and these groups show society was divided up in the 14th century. The descriptions of these characters give an idea on how these groups worked. How were people ranked in social status? Were certain people more corrupt than others? Which characteristics caused the people to be sorted into the group they are in? These questions are answered by the different groups of characters. Chaucer describes six people who were a part of the Catholic church. The church group consisted of the monk, the nun, the friar, the parson, the summoner, and the pardoner. This group of characters showed how the†¦show more content†¦Chaucer also described everyday, working people. This was the lower class, or peasants. They good people who were poor, but worked hard to get where they were -- even if it wasn’t as far as other people. They were generally the people that Chaucer described positively. The yeoman, the plowman, the merchant, and the cook fell under the peasant category. The yeoman stuck to himself and worked with wood. He was described very positively. The plowman was hard working and peaceful. While he himself was poor, he would help other disadvantaged people. He was a good Christian; he always paid tithes and did what he felt God was telling him to do. These people worked hard and were generally polite. Even though they were disadvantaged, they tried to work their way up from being the low man on the totem pole. This group shows how most of the people (since a majority of the people were peasants) of the 14th century were. It is an example on how the largest social group (peasants) acted, talked, believed and worked. It also showed how other people of the 14th century viewed peasants, and most of the time it was in a positive light. There was an obvious divide between upper and lower class in the 14th century as described in the Canterbury Tales. But if you payed closer attention, you would notice that there were many people who were educated and had some sort of position that caused them to be well known or in charge ofShow MoreRelatedCanterbury Tales Character Analysis1988 Words   |  8 Pages The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, is a collection of tales and prologues of stories told by many characters whilst on a pilgrimage to the city of Canterbury. From religious figures such as nuns, monks and pardoners; to doctors, cooks and millers, this pilgrimage embarked on by many interesting people with stories that range from inspiring to gruesome. A few of the most predominant stories include those of the Prioress, the Summoner, the Wife of Bath, the Miller, and the Reeve. In theseRead MoreCanterbury Tales Character Analysis997 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage of the common people (Morrison). The Wife’s knowledge of the three languages grants her access to the forms of power that patriarchy denies to women, establishing her character as an authoritative female through the authentication of English as a literary language. In the dissertation â€Å"Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales: Rhetoric and Gender in Marriage,† Andrea Marcotte analyzes Chaucer’s usage of ethos to grant the Wife authority in her male-dominated culture. Marcotte argues that the WifeRead MoreCanterbury Tales Character Analysis981 Words   |  4 PagesUpon first reading of the Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, the reoccurring theme of social status is not blatantly obvious. Upon further reading, however, it becomes apparent that it in fact plays large role in most of the aspects of the tales. In both the Wife of Bath’s Tale and the Nun’s Priest Tale, social status plays a role in the plot, characters, and themes in order to more effectively portray the messages Chaucer is trying to get across. 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As you read through the chapters Chaucer reveals the dark sides to supposedly respectable people such as the Summoner, along with people he favors like the Knight, the Wife of Bath, and women in general. His comical descriptions and stories that coincide with each character express his thoughts on real people in his society. My perception of the Summoner’s tale moralRead More Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucers Canterbury Tales1623 Words   |  7 Pages Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucers Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales is Geoffrey Chaucers greatest and most memorable work. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses a fictitious pilgrimage [to Canterbury] as a framing device for a number of stories (Norton 79). In The General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer describes in detail the pilgrims he meets in the inn on their way to Canterbury. 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The Christian Church was the single most influential institution in society, with the pope taking on a role as the leader of European Christendom and education and intellectual life mostly happening through religious institutions. Through the analysis of compositions written during the Middle Ages, it is observable that significant events influenced the page s of these notable works such as Canterbury Tales, Carmina BuranaRead More Summary and Analysis of The Shipmans Tale (The Canterbury Tales)928 Words   |  4 PagesSummary and Analysis of The Shipmans Tale (The Canterbury Tales) Introduction to the Shipmans Tale: The Host asks the priest to tell a tale, but the Shipman interrupts, insisting that he will tell the next tale. He says that he will not tell a tale of physics or law or philosophy, but rather a more modest story. 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Women and Religion in the Middle East Free Essays

Religion and Women in the Middle East Religion goes hand in hand with culture, and in the Muslim countries this is very apparent. The cultural importance of men over women may have stemmed from religion, however it was further recognized when imperialist countries introduced capitalism and class divides. â€Å"Islam must combat the wrenching impact of alien forces whose influence in economic, political, and cultural permutations continues to prevail† (Stowasser 1994, 5). We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Religion in the Middle East or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, instead of an agrarian state where both men and women had their place, difficulties have formed due to the rise in education and awareness that women can and do have a place in society beyond domestic living Though women are not equal to men anywhere around the world, the differences between men and women are greater possibly in the Muslim world, partially due to religion and culture. â€Å"Fewer women are educated in the Muslim world than in other culture areas†¦ The percentage of women working other than agriculture is probably the smallest in the world, the birth rate the highest, and the laws regarding marriage and related matters most unequal† (Stowasser 1994, 5). Though, of recent years inequality has been blamed on the Islamic religion, gender inequalities were in the Middle East before Islam. However, by radical groups and male elite, women are being discriminated because of their gender due to religious connotations amongst other things. The male bias, like in most religions, has been enforced within society like in the text of the Qur’an. Keddie and Beck asserts that, â€Å"In Islamic law women have male guardians; woman’s testimony is worth half that of a man; women are considered to have less reason than men† (Beck and Keddie 1978, 25-26). So the Qur’an in many of the Middle Eastern countries has been taken and formed in ‘Islamic Law’ which may not entirely reflect what is said in the Holy Book, but has been used to discriminate and divide, not only gender, but class and status. What will be discussed is the divide between men and women due to religion, and why that is in certain countries in the Middle East and not others. It is not necessarily the Qur’an that has brought about the discrimination of women. There is male dominance in most every religious book. However it is how it has been translated, either by modernists, conservatives, and fundamentalists and how this has altered the treatment of women in society. In addition to this, it is also important to consider the country and how it is run. In the Middle East, regime is varied and eclectic; it would seem that the countries that are run by elite monarchists such as Saudi Arabia, have stricter laws on women and are more conservative or fundamental Islamists. On the other hand, countries that have a more lenient approach have better education and rights for women (though still not as forward as some Western countries). These thoughts by fundamentalists or conservatives relate to Muhammed’s spouses and how they are discussed in the Qur’an as there are no female prophets. According to Stowasser, the main components and treatment of women are set in the Qur’an, which is ‘segregation and quiet domesticity; modest comportment, indeed, invisibility through veiling; ascetic frugality; devout obedience to God and His Prophet. Insofar as the latter was these women’s husband, special emphasis is also placed on wifely obedience (Beck and Keddie 1978, 118). ’ This is seen as a very conservative view and parts of the Qur’an have been used to determine this, which is said to be harmful to women. Modern interpretations of the Qur’an suggest that manipulation of texts has led to foreign intervention due to human rights issues on gender. However, the modernists do not believe in segregation, and though religion is important to have, you should not be discriminated on how devout you are. They use the Qur’an not in a literal sense, but in a way which fits into modern society and works with both genders. The teachings in the Qur’an can be twisted either way. Practices of fundamental Islamists vary when it comes to marital rights, education, and behavior and punishment of women according to the Qur’an. In some societies, women in the judicial process have very few rights that are the same as men, and their punishment seems to be much greater. Treatment by the Taliban in Afghanistan, and by other groups such as the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood all contribute to how women are treated legally. Zohreh Arshadi asserts that in countries such as Iran, â€Å"The Islamic punishments have encouraged a culture of violence against women†¦ The fact that men receive a lighter punishment if they commit a violence against women undoubtedly encourages such violence. We saw how women could be killed with impunity during alleged adultery. Stoning to death for adultery, although technically admissible for both sexes, has also been carried out mainly against women† (Arshadi 2012). It is in countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, and some non-Middle Eastern countries where the Qur’an is taken as a literal word and law, and there is constituted into actual state law. This means that certain texts from the Qur’an are used to treat women violently. For example a passage in the Qur’an states: Hadith Muslim (4:1982)   The Prophet said, â€Å"I saw Hell also. No such (abominable) sight have I ever seen as that which I saw today; and I observed that most of its inhabitants were women. They said: Messenger of Allah, on what account is it so? He said: For their ingratitude or disbelief (bi-kufraihinna). It was said: Do they disbelieve in Allah? He said: (Not for their disbelief in God) but for their ingratitude to their husbands. † Again, the inferiority of women to men that is listed in the Qur’an has meant that fundamentalist groups put pressures on women that is not apparent for the men. The repetition of how ‘unholy’ and disobedient women are means that is the way they are treated, which infringes on their rights. This was apparent in Kuwait, where a monarch (Sheikhs) and the elite ruled with heavy Islamic laws until the 1980s. There were no schools for girls; it was compulsory for women to be covered in only black by puberty, where then they would soon be married; and Polygamy was common place where not only could a man have up to four wives (condoned by Islamic Law) but could also keep female slaves (Beck and Keddie 1987, 174). This is a typical scene in fundamental countries; women with no education, little rights that match the men, and severe punishment if thought to be misbehaving. Though this has changed since the 1980s, it will still haunt their history. Though there are very few states that are run by this ancient Islamic way, there are still groups that carry this out in modern Middle Eastern countries. For instance the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt have carried out ritual beatings and stoning of women, and it has been made clear they use the Qur’an as a way of putting women in a domestic place only. Asserted by a female blogger in Egypt ‘It is abundantly clear that the Muslim Brotherhood do not see women rights as natural and inalienable. Their rights must be restricted by Sharia and their duties in society; duties which are in themselves dictated by Sharia. (2011. On Coptic Nationalism; The Position of the Muslim Brotherhood on Women and Children – Analysis and Critique of the FJP’s Parliamentary Election Program. ) Another example is the Taliban in Afghanistan. The Revolutionary Women of Afghanistan have claimed that there is whipping, beating, and verbal abuse of women not clothed in accordance with Tal iban rules. For instance not having their ankles covered, adultery, and with the ban of cosmetics even painted nails could result with their fingers being cut off. (2012. Punishment of Muslim Women. ) This punishment and treatment is said to be within Islamic teachings, however it is conservative and fundamentalist groups that read the Qur’an literally that enforce such rulings. When we talk of fundamentalist countries in the Middle East in association with religion, Saudi Arabia comes to mind. It is, so to speak, the heartland of religious and holy land. Mecca and Medina, the place where billions take holy migration to, is situated here and therefore Saudi Arabia has strong religious ties and feelings within. It is ruled by the Saud family, who are said to be direct descendants of the prophet Muhammed. The Saud family uses this as a determinant of power. George Lipsky claims that, ‘[Saud’s] used this deeply conservative and puritanical Sunnite orthodoxy as a basic instrument for gaining and wielding power. The result was the creation of a political order in which paramount authority is in the hands of an executive who fills three traditional roles, that of the tribal leader, religious leader, and king. ’ (Lipsky, George A. 1959. Saudi Arabia; its people, its society, its culture. New Haven: Hraff Press. Pg 5) This should assert that the Saudi Kingdom rules by very traditional and conservative ways, including religion. ‘The public practice of any form of religion other than Islam is prohibited in Saudi Arabia. Severe punishment (imprisonment and deportation) can result should such activities come to the attention of the authorities. ’ (British Embassy Riyadh. 2012. UK in Saudi Arabia. http://ukinsaudiarabia. fco. gov. uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/living-in-saudi-arabia/) All laws in Saudi are based from the Qur’an, and the law is sharia. This means that as an extremely religious country, it has had problems facing gender equality and human rights. The penalty for any misconduct, be it adultery to dressing ‘inappropriately’ is punishable by public beheading or death by stoning. To enforce religious law, the Mutawwa or religious police have been put in place. Mutawwa police have the right to cut off women’s left hand if misbehaving. It is this large enforcement of extreme religion which has gained attention from the Western countries, but little else due to their huge amounts of oil. Lipsky reiterates that, ‘Women, the vast majority of whom live in seclusion and are almost totally without education. ’(Lipsky, George A. 1959. Saudi Arabia; its people, its society, its culture. New Haven: Hraff Press. pg 131) There have been countless claims and acts of violence towards women due to ‘religion. ’ However, it is more of a way for the Saud regime to stay in power, religion is used as a means of quieting the masses. Though the country is forever modernizing, and women’s groups funded by the West are starting to show, the punishment for speaking out is far too dangerous and risky. Modernization of the Middle East has had it’s implications, good and bad. The treatment of women and their rights in most countries have improved. The countries that were colonized have modernized much more than the Middle Eastern areas that were ignored by imperialist. Politically, economically, and socially these countries have improved their human rights with the course of industrialization. The gap between women and men has not gotten worse, but instead have been brought to the attention of international human rights advocators. Countries such as Iraq, Egypt, Syria, and other revolutionary countries has seen the rise in female activists of the Islamic religion. This may be due to these countries more lenient state approach to having Islam as a main feature of their political system. As these states have seen the rise in social demands for political reform, it means their policies are more liberal than that of a monarchical run state with heavy religious influence. Stowasser asserts that, â€Å"Modernists have long opposed the notion that women’s segregation is a necessary aspect of moral Muslim society† (Stowasser 1994, 132). She goes onto agree with modernists who maintain that, â€Å"the Qur’an established women’s equality with men in all essential respects, a fact misunderstood by Medieval Muslim lawyers† (Stowasser 1994, 132). ’ Modernists believe that many fundamentalist groups manipulate what the text of the Qur’an says in order to fit their social rule. With the study of Kuwait, modernization of the country brought much social reform and change. Instead of the state being run by heavy Islamic law and religious lineage, Beck and Keddie say that, â€Å"the community and education of women [in Kuwait] had been the entry of women into government service†¦ Hundreds of Kuwaiti women [are] working in schools and offices alongside men† (Beck and Keddie 1978, 175). Though there are still problems facing women in Kuwait, due to modernization, religion has less of a restrictive connotations, and more of a liberating one. When speaking of modernization versus fundamentalism, in terms of religious rule, the dress code and especially the Hijab and veiling is a topic that determines how liberal a state is on religion and gender. Initially, the dress code of women, particularly the Hijab, was mainly a garment of status. In the Qur’an, it says that women must be dressed modestly and cover in accordance so. Again, it is how groups and states interpret the Qur’an and how extreme and literal they take this to mean. Still today the way a woman dresses reveals status and wealth, though punishment for covering that is not in accordance to law or is seen as provoking can be punished with death. Though the veiling of women has initial religious meanings, it has become more of a political gesture and stance. To not be seen with a veil or appropriate dress has ‘Western’ connotations, which has negative implications. Leila Ahmed agrees that, â€Å"it is a discourse on women and the veil in which another history is also inscribed, the history of colonial domination and the struggle against it and the class divisions around that struggle† (Ahmed 1992, 130). ’ It has little to do with religion; however, the veil has been used as a way to enforce religion in fundamentalist areas. It is more of a way to speak against imperialists and the Western world, not necessarily religion. Haddad and Esposito assert that, ‘The veil and Islamic dress are the outward obvious signs of women’s adherence to the new Islamic trends. However, the veil and formal compliance with tradition do not necessarily mean commitment to all the ideological baggage associated with it† (Haddad 1998, 182). They agree that is mainly a conservative way of approaching Islam and anti-imperialist feelings. Though the discourse on the Hijab and dress has been battered with human rights issues, it is not religion to blame, only the extreme use of it in states. Due to modernization, the human rights of women in the Middle East and the How to cite Women and Religion in the Middle East, Essay examples

Vanitas Essay Example

Vanitas Essay Vanitas: The Mortal Soul There is beauty in life, beauty in death, but for most, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Society today has transformed the meaning of beauty into vanity, for the importance of inner qualities that makes one attractive has all but disappeared, now it is only the surface appearance that connotes the qualities of what beauty is. The artist, Charles Allan Gilbert, with his painting, â€Å"All is vanity† eloquently illustrated this concept. Never before has a painting evoked the true duality of beauty and vanity. The optical illusion created forewarns the onlookers to recognize that superficial beauty quickly transmutes into a vain existence, which can lead to an untimely death, whether it be mental or physical. On the first impression, one might see a woman sitting at a vanity dresser looking into the mirror, or one may see the large skull that formed by the surroundings. This optical illusion can say a lot about the viewer’s subconscious thoughts and if they naturally perceive the image of beauty or death. By the skull being the predominate image in the painting, Gilbert wants the viewer to recognize that death is engulfing her. We will write a custom essay sample on Vanitas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vanitas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vanitas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This gives the impression that her obsession with her looks can become the death of her. By being fixated on her beauty, it takes away from her having any depth to any other part of herself. Like the skull, she is void of any substance, a hollow shell with no feelings or emotions. The skull representing death is the great equalizer. The woman realizes this, so she places all of her time and effort on her looks, which does not last forever. Whereas, she should be focusing on cultivating her beauty on the inside by having depth in compassion, love, and empathy which can live far beyond one’s youth as well as one’s death. The woman’s focus is one dimensional, much like the mirror that only reflects a one-dimensional image. The mirror symbolizes how the image she sees reflecting back at her is what she cares about the most, herself. She is only concerned with is her outward appearance and how other people view her. The mirror tells no lies; it shows what is at face value. All of the imperfections are visible, not only blemishes, but also the weight of the world can be seen on one’s face by wrinkles and empty, pathetic, expressions of unhappiness. The woman is not satisfied with what she sees, there is a ook of question about her. Reflecting back at her is a beautiful woman, yet she knows something is missing. It is as if she is questioning whom she is as a person, not knowing this person behind the make-up and glamour. She is dependent on her looks to define who she is a human being. As long as she sees a perfect reflection, then she is satisfied that she has achieved some purpose in life . Beauty envelops the woman from her beautiful reflection in the mirror, to the fine clothes she wears, and the exquisite furnishings about the room. Ultimately, the woman symbolizes how being shallow and superficial leads to unhappiness and a lonely existence. What she desires in life will never become a reality because she lives a facade. The woman has a distorted view of beauty, even though she is beautiful she constantly searches for faults to fix. The beauty has turned to vanity since obsessions are never ending. Her beauty has caused her to become vain which creates a black heart on the inside, for the more energy spent on the superficial beauty, the less energy is spent on creating inner beauty.